A Shaking Morning: M4.9 Earthquake
in Central Türkiye
On November 15, 2024, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake struck 59 km west-northwest of Adıyaman, Türkiye, at 10:46 AM local time. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 10 km, with geographic coordinates of 37.980°N, 37.656°E. This event, widely felt across the region, affected cities such as Gaziantep, Aleppo, and Adana, all of which are densely populated areas. Reports from the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) indicated shaking intensities of III-IV near the epicenter, diminishing to II at distances of 80-200 km. However, localized reports suggested shaking intensities as high as VII, likely due to local geological conditions and soil amplification effects.
The East Anatolian Fault Zone: A Tectonic Powerhouse
The East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) is one of Türkiye's most seismically active regions, serving as a 700 km long left-lateral strike-slip fault system. It accommodates the relative motion between the Anatolian Plate and the Arabian Plate, playing a key role in the tectonic evolution of the region.
This earthquake is part of the ongoing aftershock sequence following the devastating February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş twin earthquakes, which profoundly altered the tectonic stress field. The twin earthquakes, with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5, caused widespread destruction and thousands of fatalities. Studies have shown that such large events significantly redistribute stress along the fault system, triggering aftershocks that persist for months or even years (Çoban & Sayıl, 2018; Akgün & İnceöz, 2021).
Seismological evidence highlights the complex interplay of tectonic stresses along the EAFZ. Aftershocks often occur in clusters, reflecting the intricate segmentation of the fault system and variable frictional properties along its segments (Nature Communications, 2024; Geoscience World, 2023).
Seismic Parameters: Depth and Magnitude Variability
Seismologists often face challenges in accurately determining seismic parameters due to differences in velocity models and data processing methodologies. For this event, depth estimates ranged from 7 km to 10 km, while magnitude estimates varied between 4.9 and 5.1. Such discrepancies underscore the limitations of current seismic monitoring systems and the need for more precise velocity structures and high-resolution seismic arrays in Türkiye's active regions.
Aftershock or Independent Event?
Seismic data and historical records suggest that this event is likely an aftershock rather than an independent earthquake. The February 2023 earthquakes triggered an extensive aftershock sequence, with activity distributed along multiple fault segments. These aftershocks serve as a reminder of the long-term adjustments required by the fault system after major seismic events (Çoban & Sayıl, 2018).
Insights for Preparedness: Lessons from the EAFZ
The East Anatolian Fault Zone's activity underscores the importance of earthquake preparedness and resilience measures. Public safety can be enhanced by prioritizing the following steps:
- Structural Safety: Assess and reinforce the integrity of buildings, particularly in regions with high seismic hazard.
- Emergency Kits: Maintain a well-stocked earthquake preparedness kit.
- Awareness and Education: Engage communities with educational programs on earthquake safety and emergency response.
References
- Akgün, E., & İnceöz, M. (2021). Tectonic evolution of the central part of the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 30(7), 928-947. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-2104-15
- Çoban, K. H., & Sayıl, N. (2018). Investigation of the seismicity of East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) according to Poisson and Exponential distribution models. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(2), 491-500.
- Nature Communications. (2024). Immature characteristics of the East Anatolian Fault Zone from SAR observations following significant earthquakes.
- Geoscience World. (2023). 2023 Earthquake Doublet in Türkiye Reveals the Complexities of the East Anatolian Fault Zone.
Earthquake maps |
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