Subject: Navigating the Power of Paragraph Processing for Effective Essay Composition
Target audience: Students, Writers, Educators
In the realm of essay writing, a well-crafted paragraph is akin to a building block in constructing a sturdy edifice of thoughts and ideas. Each paragraph serves as a distinct entity, carrying its own weight while seamlessly connecting to the next. Welcome to our blog post, where we embark on a journey through the intricate art of paragraph processing and its profound impact on the overall quality of your essays.
Just as a skilled artist mixes hues to create a masterpiece, a proficient writer weaves sentences into paragraphs that flow harmoniously, fostering understanding and engagement. In this digital age, where information is abundant yet attention spans are fleeting, the ability to process paragraphs effectively is a skill worth honing.
OUTLINE: How to assess an earthquake risk?
• Earthquake Magnitude
– Types of magnitude
•
ML,
MB, MS, MW
• Earthquake Depth
– How deep it is?
•
Shallow
or Deep
• Type of faulting
– Vertical
•
Thrust
Fault
•
Normal
Fault
– Lateral
•
Strike-slip
• Slip and Stress Model
– Slip
•
Asperity
First Draft
 |
| Figure 1 |
I
am motivated to write up on possible ways to perform a quick assessment of an
earthquake and possible risk since a larger earthquake of M6.5 occurred in west
coast of Canada today. First, we
need to understand the size of an earthquake, which is defined, based on the
types of earthquake waves, e.g. surface wave magnitude or body wave magnitude,
but moment magnitude solution is critical to explain an earthquake since it
based on more physical parameters such as rupture length and fault slip. Secondly, we have to look at the
earthquake depth to estimate how it would cause a risk, because shallow depth
earthquake cause more damage. For
example, most earthquakes in Japan are larger in magnitude, but they do not
cause damage since they are deeper more than 40 km. Next step, we need to assess the type
of faulting, because it shows a mechanism of the earthquake which is critical
to estimate apparent stress distribution.
Finally, we need to understand possibility of earthquake
interaction or fault coupling by examining the pre-existence faults around the
earthquake.
As
a seismologist, I am motivated to write up on a model of Rapid Earthquake Risk
Assessment since larger earthquakes can cause an emergency problem for helping
those people in need. Luckily, the larger earthquake of M6.5 occurred today in
west coast of Canada was large enough,
which showed an earthquake hazard was present in Canada, but the risk due to
earthquake was limited since it occurred in the sea, which was away from the
populated areas. But, we know that the
earthquakes in Canada are always possible through the populated areas.
Final Draft
In this short paper, I
propose a preliminary model (Figure 1), which can be used to fulfill a rapid
earthquake assessment since I am motivated to study on it following a larger
earthquake of M6.5 that occurred today in the west coast of Canada. First, we need to
estimate basic parameters of an earthquake, i.e. magnitude, depth and epicentre,
but their estimates are always a matter of discussion due to complexity of the
rupturing process. Hence, robust
estimate for earthquake depth is not given in the areas in which the crustal
thickness is not studied well. A moment
magnitude provides accurate estimate of an earthquake since its calculation is
based on a physics of the earthquake rupture, e.g, rupture length and fault
slip. Finally, both the size of earthquake and its
location are a factor affecting earthquake risk.
Secondly, we need to
use a Shake Map technology for assessing rapid earthquake damage. It gives size variation of the caused damage
by ground amplification that is measured by strong-motion seismometer. If there is no deployed strong motion
seismometer around the city, we have nothing to do much in order to ground
responses in a city. Thus, deploying a
seismic network will allow to use Shake Map technology to make a priority list for sending help teams to
people in need.
Next step, we need to
prepare aftershock forecasting map since aftershocks occurs frequently
following an earthquake, and we could show the location of the aftershocks as
it is performed like weather estimate, but it requires also deployment a
seismic network. It is important to
evacuate the areas to mitigate the damage.
Final step, earthquake
slip that shows slip maps, where an area of larger slip is asperity that is
patch of fault causing an earthquake, onto an earthquake fault can be used to
model a distribution of the fault stress. Because, a larger earthquake can load stress
onto another fault; therefore, it might advance time of earthquake on the
closer faults. It will help us to
predict the location of the next earthquake.
Consequently, rapid estimate earthquake risk requires a great investment
to deploy seismic networks for both monitoring aftershocks and measuring ground
motion. However, a national earthquake
rapid assessment team needs organizing to cooperate for accomplishing different
tasks as shown in the model.
Final Revised Draft:
 |
| Figure 2 The earthquake location, Nov 17, 2009, is shown. The map is taken from Globe and Mail |
In this short paper, I
propose a preliminary model that can be used to fulfill a rapid earthquake
assessment (Fig.1). The motivation of this paper is due to a recent larger earthquake of M6.5
that occurred today in the west coast of Canada (Fig.2). First, we need to
estimate basic parameters of an earthquake, i.e. magnitude, depth and
epicentre, because the size changes of which controls the damage of one
earthquake. However, their accuracy is always
a matter of discussion, due to complexity of the rupturing process, among the
scientists. Because, earthquake depth is
not estimated accurately in the areas in which the thickness of seismogenic
layer, brittle part of the crust, is not studied well. A moment magnitude provides a better estimate
of the released energy since its calculation is based on a physics of the
earthquake rupture, e.g, area of the earthquake fault surface, fault slip and
the rigidity. Consequently, both the size of earthquake and
its location are a factor affecting the estimate of the earthquake risk.
 |
| Figure 3 An example of the shake map for southern California. The map is taken from the USGS site. |
Secondly, we need to use a Shake Map technology for an
immediate assessment of earthquake damage.
It gives size variation of the caused damage by ground amplification
that is measured by strong-motion seismometer and scaled from I to X as shown
in Fig.3. The meaning of the map, we
consider sending help first to areas with higher ground motion. It is a good technology for emergency caused
by a large earthquake, but nothing to do for emergency people if there is no
deployed seismic network around the city.
Thus, deploying a seismic network is critical to save lives after a
devastating earthquake.
Next step, we need to prepare aftershock forecasting map
since aftershocks occurs frequently following an earthquake, and we could predict
the location of the aftershocks as it is performed like weather estimate, but
it requires also deployment a seismic network.
It is important to evacuate the areas to mitigate the damage.
 |
| Figure 4 Real-time estimation of the aftershocks are shown for California, from USGS. |
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